ATV Glossary

Aftermarket Parts

Aftermarket parts are components made by third-party companies rather than the original ATV manufacturer.

They’re commonly used to upgrade performance, customize style, or replace stock parts at a lower cost.

Air Filter

An air filter is a part of your ATV’s intake system that blocks dust, dirt, and debris from entering the engine. It keeps airflow clean so your engine runs smoothly and lasts longer. A dirty air filter can reduce performance and fuel efficiency.

ATVs often run in dusty or muddy conditions, so their air filters need more frequent cleaning or replacement than on-road vehicles.

ATV

ATV is short for All-Terrain Vehicle. According to the ANSI standard, an ATV is “a motorized off-highway vehicle designed to travel on four low-pressure or non-pneumatic tires, having a seat straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering control.” Learn more.

ATVs are typically used for off-road recreation, work, or utility tasks, and are valued for their maneuverability, simplicity, and ability to handle rugged terrain. Related vehicle: UTV.

Axle

An axle is a shaft that connects wheels and transfers power from the engine to the wheels.

Most ATV axles use CV joints (constant velocity joints) at each end, which allow the axle to flex while maintaining smooth power delivery to the wheels during suspension travel and steering.

Because ATVs are exposed to rough terrain and impacts, bent axles or damaged CV joints are common off-road issues.

Battery

A battery stores electrical energy and provides the power needed to start your ATV’s engine and run electrical components like lights, starter motor, and accessories when the engine isn’t running.

Because ATVs are often stored for long periods and used in rough terrain, their batteries are prone to discharging and vibration damage. Regular charging and secure mounting are important to keep the battery in good condition. Read my ATV battery maintenance guide here.

Beadlock

A beadlock is a special type of wheel that clamps the tire bead securely to the rim, preventing it from slipping off under low tire pressure or during hard cornering.

On ATVs, beadlock wheels are popular for aggressive off-road riding where lower tire pressure is used to improve traction, as they reduce the risk of the tire unseating from the rim. Learn more in this detailed guide on ATV beadlocks.

Bearing

A bearing reduces friction between moving parts, allowing smooth rotation or sliding.

ATVs use bearings in wheel hubs, swingarms, and suspension components, and they need regular lubrication or replacement if worn.

Bogging

Bogging is the act of riding an ATV through deep mud, often as part of competitions or just for fun.

Mud bogging requires aggressive tires, strong engines, and often snorkel kits to prevent water damage to the ATV.

Bore

Bore refers to the diameter of the engine’s cylinder.

A larger bore increases engine displacement and can boost ATV power when paired with performance upgrades.

Brake Caliper

The brake caliper squeezes the brake pads against the rotor to slow the ATV.

Calipers are exposed to mud and water on ATVs, so regular cleaning and pad inspection are important. If you experience spongy brakes, you may need to bleed the system—see this step-by-step guide on how to bleed ATV brakes.

Brap / Braaap

“Brap” or “braaap” is a slang term imitating the sound of an ATV or dirt bike engine revving, especially two-strokes. Riders often use it to express excitement or to describe riding aggressively.

In ATV culture, saying “braaap” is a playful way of celebrating riding and the off-road lifestyle.

Carburetor

A carburetor mixes air and fuel before delivering it to the engine.

Most older ATVs use carburetors, while modern models typically use fuel injection for better efficiency. Proper maintenance is key—see these guides on how to clean an ATV carburetor and how to adjust an ATV carburetor.

Chain

The chain transfers power from the transmission to the rear axle.

Many ATVs use chains that need frequent cleaning, lubrication, and tension adjustments to handle mud and grit.

Choke

The choke enriches the fuel mixture for easier cold starting.

Carbureted ATVs often require the choke to start when the engine is cold or in wet conditions. For step-by-step help, see this guide on how to start an ATV.

Clutch

The clutch connects and disconnects the engine from the transmission to allow smooth shifting or stopping without stalling.

Many ATVs use a centrifugal clutch that engages automatically as RPM increases, while sport models often use manual clutches for better control.

CV Joint

A CV (constant velocity) joint allows the axle to flex while still transmitting power to the wheels.

ATV CV joints are prone to wear if their rubber boots tear and let in dirt or water.

CV Boot

A CV boot is a rubber cover that protects the CV joint from dirt, water, and debris.

Torn CV boots on ATVs can lead to joint wear and failure, especially in muddy or wet terrain.

CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission)

A CVT is an automatic transmission that adjusts gear ratios continuously without shifting gears.

Nearly all modern utility and recreational ATVs use CVTs for smooth power delivery on varied terrain. See also CVT Belt.

CVT Belt

The CVT belt transfers power between the primary and secondary pulleys in a continuously variable transmission.

ATV CVT belts wear over time, especially under heavy loads or aggressive riding, and are a common maintenance item. Worn CVT belts affect acceleration and overall CVT performance on ATVs.

Differential

A differential lets the left and right wheels rotate at different speeds when turning.

Some ATVs have locking differentials which forces both wheels to rotate at the same speed.Activating the diff-lock helps improve traction in slippery or uneven terrain.

Drivetrain

The drivetrain transfers power from the engine to the wheels.

ATVs can use chain, shaft, or belt-driven drivetrains, each with its own maintenance needs.

Dry Weight

Dry weight is the ATV’s weight without fluids such as fuel, oil, or coolant.

Manufacturers often list dry weight to make the ATV seem lighter, but it doesn’t reflect real-world riding weight.

ECU

The ECU (engine control unit) is the ATV’s onboard computer that controls fuel injection, ignition timing, and other engine functions.

Faulty ECUs or bad connections can cause hard starting, misfires, or poor performance in modern ATVs. Learn more about ECUs and ECMs in this in-depth guide.

Exhaust System

The exhaust system directs gases out of the engine and reduces noise.

Aftermarket ATV exhausts can improve performance, but may increase sound levels and affect emissions compliance.

Four-Wheel Drive (4WD)

4WD sends engine power to all four wheels instead of just the rear ones.

Some ATVs are built as 2WD only, while others come with selectable 4WD systems that let riders switch between 2WD and 4WD for better traction in mud, snow, or steep terrain. Learn more in my full guide comparing 2WD vs 4WD ATVs.

Frame

The frame is the main structural skeleton of the ATV that supports all other components.

Off-road impacts and crashes can crack or bend ATV frames, especially around weld points.

Float Bowl

The float bowl stores fuel in a carburetor before it enters the engine.

On ATVs, a clogged float bowl can cause starting issues or rough running.

Fuel Injector

The fuel injector sprays fuel into the engine’s intake or cylinder for combustion.

On ATVs, clogged injectors are a common issue when old fuel sits in the system for long periods.

Gear Ratio

The gear ratio is the relationship between the number of teeth on two gears, affecting how power and speed are transferred.

ATV riders often change sprocket sizes to adjust gear ratios for more low-end torque or higher top speed.

Governor

A governor is a device that limits the maximum speed or RPM of the ATV engine.

Governors are common on youth ATVs to help beginners ride safely at reduced speeds.

Ground Clearance

Ground clearance is the distance between the lowest part of the ATV and the ground.

Higher clearance helps the ATV pass over rocks and logs without getting stuck or damaged.

Hand Guards

Hand guards are mounted on the handlebars to protect the rider’s hands from branches and debris.

They are especially useful on trail and enduro ATVs for both safety and comfort.

High Centered

High centered means the ATV’s frame or skid plate gets stuck on an obstacle, lifting the wheels off the ground so they lose traction.

This is common when crossing logs, rocks, or ruts that are taller than the ATV’s ground clearance, and often requires lifting or winching the machine free.

Horsepower

Horsepower measures the engine’s overall power output over time.

While ATVs with high horsepower are faster, trail and utility riders often prioritize torque over horsepower.

Hub

The hub or wheel hub, is the central part of the wheel assembly that mounts the wheel to the axle.

Loose or worn hubs on ATVs can cause wheel wobble or vibration, especially after hard impacts.

Ignition

The ignition system starts the engine and keeps it running by igniting the fuel-air mixture.

On ATVs, ignition systems may include electric starters, kick starters, or both.

Jounce

Jounce is the upward movement of an ATV’s suspension when it compresses after hitting a bump or obstacle. It is the opposite of rebound, which is the suspension’s return movement back downward after compression.

Understanding jounce is important for tuning suspension, since too much compression without proper damping can cause harsh rides or bottoming out.

Kill Switch

A kill switch shuts off the engine instantly.

Most ATVs have a handlebar-mounted kill switch for emergencies, and racing ATVs use a tethered version that stops the engine if the rider falls off.

Knobby Tires

Knobby tires feature deep, aggressive tread patterns for grip on loose terrain.

They are standard on most ATVs because they improve traction on dirt, mud, and rocky trails.

Lift Kit

A lift kit raises the suspension and frame of an ATV.

It increases ground clearance for bigger tires and rough terrain, but may affect handling stability.

Limited Slip Differential (LSD)

An LSD sends power to the wheel with more traction if the other begins to slip.

On ATVs, LSDs improve control and reduce wheel spin in mud, snow, or uneven terrain. See also Four-Wheel Drive (4WD)

Lug Nut

Lug nuts secure the wheel to the hub studs.

ATV lug nuts can loosen from vibration, so they should be checked regularly before riding.

Mud Tires

Mud tires have wide spacing and deep tread designed for soft, wet terrain.

They provide excellent traction in mud but can ride rough on hard-packed trails.

Nerf Bars

Nerf bars are side-mounted bars or nets that prevent the rider’s feet from getting caught under the rear wheels.

They are especially common on sport ATVs for added safety during aggressive riding.

Off-Road

Off-road refers to riding on unpaved terrain such as dirt, sand, rocks, or mud.

ATVs are specifically built for off-road use with rugged tires, suspension, and frames.

Oversteer

Oversteer occurs when the rear wheels lose traction and slide outward during a turn.

Sport ATVs with rear-wheel drive are more prone to oversteer, which can be useful for sliding through corners. See also Understeer.

Park Brake

The park brake is a locking mechanism or lever that keeps the ATV from rolling when parked. It works by locking the brake system in place.

Always use the park brake when parking on an incline to prevent accidents or ATV damage.

Pit Riding

Pit riding refers to casual riding in open areas like gravel pits, sand lots, or similar spaces.

It’s a common way new riders learn basic handling skills, but it can also be risky if the terrain is unpredictable.

Plow Mount

A plow mount is a bracket system installed on the ATV frame that allows you to attach a snow plow or utility blade.

Plow mounts are popular for utility ATVs used for snow removal or landscaping tasks.

PSI (Pounds per Square Inch)

PSI is the unit used to measure tire pressure. ATV tire pressure is usually much lower than car tires, often between 3–8 PSI depending on the terrain and riding style.

Keeping tires at the correct PSI improves traction, ride comfort, and reduces the risk of punctures or rolling a tire off the rim.

Quad

Quad is a common nickname for an ATV, short for “quad bike.”

The term is used interchangeably with ATV in most regions.

Radiator

The radiator cools the engine by circulating coolant and releasing heat into the air.

On ATVs, radiators often clog with mud or debris during trail riding, so frequent cleaning is important.

Rebound

Rebound is the downward return movement of an ATV’s suspension after it has been compressed.

It is the opposite of jounce. Proper rebound damping prevents the suspension from bouncing uncontrollably after hitting a bump.

Recoil Starter

A recoil starter is a manual pull-start mechanism for starting the engine.

Most small ATVs have recoil starters as a backup to electric start systems.

Rev Limiter

The rev limiter is an electronic control that prevents the engine from exceeding a safe maximum RPM.

Hitting the rev limiter on an ATV causes the engine to sputter or cut out briefly to protect it from damage.

Roll Cage

A roll cage is a protective frame built to shield the rider in a rollover accident.

They are found on UTVs and side-by-sides, but not typically on ATVs.

Roost / Roosting

Roost refers to the spray of dirt, sand, or mud thrown up by the rear tires when accelerating hard.

Roosting another rider can be playful, but it’s also a sign of aggressive riding and can kick up rocks or debris.

Rotor

The rotor is the metal disc that the brake caliper clamps to create friction and stop the wheels.

On ATVs, rotors can warp from heavy braking or get scored by grit, reducing braking performance.

Send It

“Send it” is a slang phrase meaning to go for it without hesitation, often used when jumping an ATV or tackling an obstacle.

While sending it can be thrilling, it’s also risky if the rider doesn’t know what’s ahead or lacks control.

Shock Absorber

The shock absorber is part of the suspension that absorbs bumps and controls wheel rebound.

ATV shocks wear over time and should be inspected for leaks or reduced damping performance.

Snorkel

A snorkel raises the ATV’s air intake and vent lines higher on the vehicle.

It helps prevent water from entering the engine or transmission when riding through deep water.

Skid Plate

A skid plate is a protective metal or plastic plate mounted under the ATV.

It shields the frame and engine from rocks, logs, and other obstacles on rough trails.

Spark Arrestor

A spark arrestor is a device installed in the exhaust system to prevent sparks from escaping and igniting dry vegetation.

Most riding areas in the U.S. legally require ATVs to have spark arrestors when riding on public lands or trails.

Spark Plug

The spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture inside the engine cylinder.

Fouled or worn spark plugs are a common cause of poor starting or misfiring in ATVs, especially after riding in wet or muddy conditions.

Sprocket

Sprockets are toothed wheels that engage the drive chain to transfer power.

Changing sprocket sizes is a common way to adjust an ATV’s acceleration or top speed.

Suspension

The suspension absorbs bumps and keeps the tires in contact with the ground.

ATV suspension is designed for rough terrain, often using long-travel shocks and independent suspension systems for better control.

Gettin’ Swamped

“Gettin’ swamped” describes when an ATV gets stuck in deep mud or water, unable to move forward.

It’s a common off-road challenge that usually requires winching, towing, or teamwork to get unstuck.

Sway Bar

A sway bar links the left and right suspension to reduce body roll during turns.

Some sport ATVs remove sway bars for more independent wheel travel on rough terrain.

Swingarm

The swingarm is the hinged rear suspension component that holds the rear axle or wheels.

It allows vertical wheel movement while keeping the rear of the ATV stable during rough riding.

Throttle

The throttle controls the amount of fuel and air entering the engine, which controls engine speed and power.

Most ATVs use a thumb throttle instead of a twist grip for better control on rough terrain.

Throttle Cable

The throttle cable links the throttle lever or thumb control to the engine.

Frayed or sticky cables on ATVs can affect engine responsiveness and rider control.

Throttle Jockey

A throttle jockey is a slang term for a rider who is always on the throttle, often riding aggressively without much restraint.

While fun in spirit, riding like a throttle jockey can be hard on the ATV and increase the chance of accidents.

Tire Bead

The tire bead is the inner edge of the tire that sits on the wheel rim.

On ATVs, beads can pop off the rim at low tire pressures unless beadlock wheels are used.

Torque

Torque is the twisting force an engine produces to turn the wheels.

High torque is valuable on ATVs for climbing hills, towing, and riding through mud or rough terrain.

Trail Riding

Trail riding is recreational ATV riding on designated off-road paths through forests, fields, or mountain terrain.

ATV trail riding emphasizes versatility and endurance, often requiring features like good suspension, protective gear, and spark arrestors for legal compliance.

Transmission

The transmission controls the ATV’s gear ratios, letting the engine deliver power efficiently at different speeds.

ATVs may have automatic CVT transmissions or manual gearboxes, each requiring regular maintenance to handle off-road stress.

Tread Pattern

The tread pattern is the design of grooves and lugs on a tire’s surface.

ATV tires have different tread patterns for mud, sand, rocks, or all-terrain use, affecting traction and handling.

Understeer

Understeer happens when the front wheels lose traction and the ATV pushes straight instead of turning.

This is common in 4WD ATVs, especially when riding on slick or muddy surfaces. See also Oversteer.

UTV

UTV stands for Utility Task Vehicle, also called a side-by-side or SxS. It is a larger off-road vehicle with a steering wheel, seats for multiple passengers, and a protective roll cage.

UTVs are often used for work, farm tasks, and group recreation where carrying cargo or passengers is important.

Variator

The variator is part of a CVT (continuously variable transmission) system. It uses weights and a movable pulley to adjust the gear ratio automatically based on engine speed and load.

Common on ATVs with belt-driven transmissions, the variator plays a big role in acceleration and top speed.

VIN (Vehicle Identification Number)

The VIN is a unique 17-character code assigned to each ATV that identifies the manufacturer, model year, and specific vehicle details.

On ATVs, the VIN is used for registration, title checks, warranty claims, and checking a machine’s history — always verify the VIN location and match it to paperwork when buying used or inspecting for frame damage. For tips on using your VIN and other methods to help prevent ATV theft, see this guide.

Voltage Regulator

The voltage regulator controls the electrical output from the stator and ensures the ATV’s battery and electrical system receive a steady, safe voltage.

A failing voltage regulator can cause dimming lights, dead batteries, or electrical malfunctions.

Wet Weight

Wet weight includes all necessary fluids such as fuel, oil, and coolant, representing the ATV’s actual ready-to-ride weight.

This measurement is more useful for riders comparing handling and transport needs.

Wheelbase

The wheelbase is the distance between the front and rear axles of the ATV.

Shorter wheelbases improve maneuverability on tight trails, while longer wheelbases add stability at speed.

Wheelie

A wheelie is when the front wheels of the ATV lift off the ground while the rider balances on the rear wheels.

Wheelies are often done for fun or as a trick, but they require skill and can be dangerous if not controlled properly.

Whiskey Throttle

Whiskey throttle describes the loss of control when a rider accidentally applies too much throttle and can’t let go, causing sudden acceleration.

On ATVs, this often happens to beginners who grip the thumb throttle too tightly when startled or during a wheelie attempt.

Winch

A winch is a powered spool of cable or rope used to pull the ATV or other objects.

Winches are common on ATVs for self-recovery when stuck in mud or snow.

Winch Fairlead

A winch fairlead guides the winch cable to prevent it from rubbing on sharp edges.

On ATVs, it reduces cable wear and keeps the winch operating smoothly.

Youth ATV

Youth ATVs are smaller, lower-powered vehicles designed for children or beginners.

They often include speed limiters, reduced engine displacement, and safety features like tethered kill switches. See also Governor.

Zerk Fitting

A Zerk fitting is a grease nipple that allows easy lubrication of moving parts like suspension pivots or bearings.

Regular greasing through Zerk fittings extends the life of ATV components. Related terms: Swingarm, Suspension.